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- <text id=92TT0790>
- <title>
- Apr. 13, 1992: Humongous Fungus
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- Apr. 13, 1992 Campus of the Future
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SCIENCE, Page 62
- Humongous Fungus
- </hdr><body>
- <p>An underground blob may be the world's largest living creature
- </p>
- <p> Watch out, Milwaukee. Something is growing in the woods just
- over, or rather under, the Wisconsin-Michigan border. It feeds
- off rotting organic matter and tree roots, and has been doing so
- for 1,500 years, making it at least half as old as a mature
- sequoia tree. The thing has already taken over a whopping 15
- hectares (37 acres). It weighs in at somewhere between 100 and
- 1,000 tons, at least as big as a blue whale. And it is still
- growing. At its present creep, it could reach the city of beer
- and bratwurst in a mere 1.6 million years.
- </p>
- <p> The consequences will be a plague of mushrooms. That is
- how many fungi reproduce, and this mass of subterranean
- cytoplasm, known scientifically as Armillaria bulbosa, is one
- humongous fungus. The mushrooms are aboveground appendages of
- the real organism, a tangled mass of stringlike tendrils that
- spread below the surface. Just how far a given fungus can spread
- has always been open to speculation. Unless scientists happen
- to dig right where two clearly different fungi meet, there is
- no easy way to tell where one ends and another begins.
- </p>
- <p> The Canadian and U.S. scientists who reported the
- discovery in last week's Nature solved this identity problem
- with the latest methods of DNA analysis. They found that all the
- samples within the sprawling study area were genetically
- identical--meaning they had to be part of one, individual
- organism.
- </p>
- <p> But just what is meant by an "individual"? A patch of
- grass that spread from a single seed may be considered an
- individual organism. The same is true with fungi, which,
- incidentally, are now looked upon as a kingdom separate from
- plants and animals. Complicating matters is the fact that pieces
- of the A. bulbosa may have broken off over the millenniums. If
- so, do the pieces count as one organism or many? There's no
- agreed upon answer, says Clive Brasier, a British botanist.
- Insisting on a yes or no, he says, "gets to be a Guinness Book
- of Records kind of question."
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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